傲慢与偏见

精读《傲慢与偏见》⑩：达西一登场，就把好感败光了

第三章，宾利和达西第一次在舞会上被众人评价。宾利亲切爽朗，达西先因外貌和年收入被仰慕，又因傲慢迅速失去人气。含中英对照、重点词汇、长难句解析和阅读测验。

这是《Pride and Prejudice / 傲慢与偏见》英文原著精读系列第 10 篇，读到第三章。

上一段里，宾利先生一行人进入舞会。这一段，奥斯汀正式把宾利和达西放到同一个社交场里，让全场用眼睛、耳朵和传闻来评价他们。

宾利赢得人心靠的是亲切自然的举止；达西一开始靠外貌、气质和“一年一万镑”的传闻吸引注意，却很快因为傲慢让众人反感。这个登场非常关键，因为它把书名里的 “pride” 第一次清清楚楚摆到了读者面前。

English Text: First Impressions of Bingley and Darcy

Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentlemanlike: he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners. His sisters were fine women, with an air of decided fashion. His brother-in-law, Mr. Hurst, merely looked the gentleman; but his friend Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien, and the report, which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year. The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud, to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could save him from having a most forbidding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be compared with his friend.

Mr. Bingley had soon made himself acquainted with all the principal people in the room: he was lively and unreserved, danced every dance, was angry that the ball closed so early, and talked of giving one himself at Netherfield. Such amiable qualities must speak for themselves. What a contrast between him and his friend! Mr. Darcy danced only once with Mrs. Hurst and once with Miss Bingley, declined being introduced to any other lady, and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. His character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world, and everybody hoped that he would never come there again. Amongst the most violent against him was Mrs. Bennet, whose dislike of his general behaviour was sharpened into particular resentment by his having slighted one of her daughters.

中文翻译：宾利与达西的初次亮相

宾利先生相貌英俊，举止像个绅士：他面容和善，举止从容自然、毫不做作。他的姐妹们都是漂亮女子，带着一种明显的时髦气派。他的姐夫赫斯特先生只是看起来像个绅士；但他的朋友达西先生很快吸引了全场注意，因为他身材高大，五官英俊，风度高贵，而且他进场不到五分钟，大家就已经传开了：他一年有一万镑收入。男士们称他是个一表人才的人，女士们说他比宾利先生英俊得多；大约半个晚上，他都在众人的仰慕目光中度过，直到他的举止引起反感，使他的人气骤然转向。因为大家发现他傲慢，看不起在场的人，也不屑于取悦别人；即便他在德比郡有大片产业，也救不了他那副令人望而生畏、惹人讨厌的面孔，更救不了大家觉得他不配与朋友相提并论的印象。

宾利先生很快就和房间里所有主要人物熟络起来：他活泼坦率，每支舞都跳，还因为舞会结束得太早而不高兴，并谈到要在内瑟菲尔德自己举办一场舞会。这样可爱的品质自然不必多说。他和他的朋友形成了多么鲜明的对比！达西先生只和赫斯特太太跳了一支，又和宾利小姐跳了一支，拒绝被介绍给任何其他女士，剩下的晚上都在房间里走来走去，只偶尔同自己一行人说几句话。他的性格已经被众人定了案：他是世界上最傲慢、最讨厌的人，所有人都希望他再也别来了。在最强烈反对他的人当中，就有贝内特太太；她本来就厌恶他的整体举止，而他怠慢了她的一个女儿，更让这种厌恶变成了具体的怨气。

阅读提示：第一印象如何在一个晚上翻转？

奥斯汀先让达西拥有一切容易被喜欢的条件：高大、英俊、风度高贵，还有一年一万镑的传闻。注意，钱的消息在他进场五分钟内就传遍全场，这说明社交场里的评价从一开始就和财富紧密相连。

但这份好感并不稳定。达西不愿与人交往，也不愿被介绍给其他女士；他让在场的人觉得自己被看低。于是外貌和财富带来的仰慕，很快被举止造成的反感抵消。

宾利和达西的对照，是这段的核心。宾利的魅力来自 easy, unaffected manners 和 unreserved 的社交热情；达西的问题不是“不够好看”或“不够有钱”，而是他让别人觉得自己“不配让他高兴”。这就是小说把 “pride” 写进人物关系的方式。

重点词汇

countenance /ˈkaʊntənəns/ n. — 面容；表情
开头说宾利有 a pleasant countenance，结尾却说达西有 a forbidding, disagreeable countenance，两个人的脸也被写成性格对照。

unaffected /ˌʌnəˈfektɪd/ adj. — 自然的；不做作的
easy, unaffected manners 指宾利举止轻松自然，没有刻意摆架子。

mien /miːn/ n. — 风度；仪表
noble mien 是“高贵的风度”。这个词偏书面，常用来写一个人整体姿态给人的印象。

in general circulation /ˌdʒenrəl ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪʃn/ phrase — 广为流传；到处传开
达西“一年一万镑”的消息在他进场五分钟内就 in general circulation，很能写出社交场里的消息速度。

turn the tide /tɜːn ðə taɪd/ idiom — 扭转局势；使形势逆转
turned the tide of his popularity 指达西的人气从仰慕转向反感。

slight /slaɪt/ v. — 轻视；怠慢
达西 slighted one of her daughters，也就是怠慢了贝内特太太的一个女儿。这件事让贝内特太太的反感变得更私人。

长难句解析

1. The gentlemen pronounced him...

原句：

The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity.

这句话的前半部分是三个并列评价：男士称赞、女士称赞、众人仰慕。后面的 till 引出转折时间点：直到他的举止引起反感。which 指代前面的 disgust 造成的结果，也就是扭转了他的人气。

结构可以拆成：

并列分句1(The gentlemen pronounced...) + 并列分句2(the ladies declared...) + 并列分句3(he was looked at...) + till 时间状语从句 + which 定语从句

读这句时，可以抓住态度变化：admiration → disgust → popularity turns。

2. Amongst the most violent against him...

原句：

Amongst the most violent against him was Mrs. Bennet, whose dislike of his general behaviour was sharpened into particular resentment by his having slighted one of her daughters.

句首 Amongst the most violent against him 提前，后面用倒装 was Mrs. Bennet，强调贝内特太太是反对达西最激烈的人之一。whose 引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明她为什么尤其不喜欢达西。

结构可以拆成：

地点/范围状语前置(Amongst...) + 倒装谓语(was) + 主语(Mrs. Bennet) + whose 定语从句 + by + 动名词复合结构(his having slighted...)

his having slighted one of her daughters 是“他怠慢了她的一个女儿这件事”。这让她对达西的一般反感升级成私人怨气。

阅读测验

Q1. Why did the public opinion of Mr. Darcy change drastically during the evening?

A. Because he was not as rich as Mr. Bingley.
B. Because he was discovered to be proud and above his company.
C. Because he danced poorly.
D. Because he left the party too early.

Q2. How does Mr. Bingley's behavior contrast with Mr. Darcy's?

A. Bingley is reserved while Darcy is lively.
B. Bingley danced every dance while Darcy only danced twice.
C. Bingley stayed with his own party while Darcy met everyone.
D. Bingley was angry at the ball while Darcy was pleased.