傲慢与偏见

精读《傲慢与偏见》16：宾利和达西为什么能做朋友？

第四章，宾利随和开放，达西聪明却傲慢；奥斯汀把两人的友情写成一组性格对照。读懂 ductility, fastidious, haughty, disposed。

宾利随和开放，达西聪明却傲慢；奥斯汀把两人的友情写成一组性格对照。

这一段来自《傲慢与偏见》第四章。它的重点不只是推进情节，而是让我们看到人物怎样通过语言、判断和社交反应暴露自己。

English Text: Mr. Bingley's Establishment and Mr. Darcy's Character

His sisters were very anxious for his having an estate of his own; but though he was now established only as a tenant, Miss Bingley was by no means unwilling to preside at his table; nor was Mrs. Hurst, who had married a man of more fashion than fortune, less disposed to consider his house as her home when it suited her. Mr. Bingley had not been of age two years when he was tempted, by an accidental recommendation, to look at Netherfield House. He did look at it, and into it, for half an hour; was pleased with the situation and the principal rooms, satisfied with what the owner said in its praise, and took it immediately.

Between him and Darcy there was a very steady friendship, in spite of a great opposition of character. Bingley was endeared to Darcy by the easiness, openness, and ductility of his temper, though no disposition could offer a greater contrast to his own, and though with his own he never appeared dissatisfied. On the strength of Darcy’s regard, Bingley had the firmest reliance, and of his judgment the highest opinion. In understanding, Darcy was the superior. Bingley was by no means deficient; but Darcy was clever. He was at the same time haughty, reserved, and fastidious; and his manners, though well bred, were not inviting. In that respect his friend had greatly the advantage. Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared; Darcy was continually giving offence.

中文翻译：宾利的家业与达西的性格

他的姐妹们非常渴望他能拥有一处自己的庄园；不过，尽管他现在只是作为租户安顿下来，宾利小姐却绝非不愿在他的餐桌旁主持家务；赫斯特太太嫁了个名气大过财富的人，只要方便，她也同样乐意把弟弟的房子当作自己的家。宾利先生成年还不到两年，有人偶然向他推荐了内瑟菲尔德，他便动心去看了看。他看了看房子，又进去走了一圈，总共不过半小时；他对地段和主要的房间都很满意，对房主的赞美之词也深信不疑，于是当场就租了下来。

他和达西之间有着非常稳固的友谊，尽管他们的性格截然不同。宾利性格随和、坦率且顺从，这让达西对他倍感亲切，尽管没有哪种性格能比宾利的性格与他自己的反差更大了，而且他对自己的性格也从未感到不满。宾利对达西的情谊深信不疑，对达西的判断力也推崇备至。在智力上，达西更胜一筹。宾利绝非平庸之辈，但达西却更为聪慧。同时，达西傲慢、矜持且挑剔；他的举止虽然有教养，却不讨人喜欢。在这方面，他的朋友占了极大的优势。宾利无论出现在哪里，都肯定受人欢迎；而达西却总是让人感到被冒犯。

阅读提示：一段话写出两种性格

这一段先交代宾利为什么会租下内瑟菲尔德：他被偶然推荐吸引，去看了半小时，觉得满意，就立刻租下。这个动作很像宾利本人：容易满意，行动快，也不太纠结。

接着奥斯汀转到宾利和达西的友情。两人性格 opposition 很大，宾利的 easiness、openness、ductility 让达西喜欢他；而达西则是 haughty、reserved、fastidious。这里不是简单说谁好谁坏，而是让人物的社交效果形成对照。

一句 Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared; Darcy was continually giving offence. 几乎就是两人社交命运的摘要。宾利走到哪里都被喜欢，达西却不断冒犯别人。后面很多误会，都从这个对照里长出来。

重点词汇

ductility /dʌkˈtɪlɪti/ noun — （性格）顺从，柔软；延展性
原文例句：Bingley was endeared to Darcy by the ductility of his temper.

fastidious /fæˈstɪdiəs/ adjective — 挑剔的，难以取悦的，过分讲究的
原文例句：He was at the same time haughty, reserved, and fastidious.

haughty /ˈhɔːti/ adjective — 傲慢的，自大的
原文例句：He was at the same time haughty, reserved, and fastidious.

disposed /dɪˈspəʊzd/ adjective — 愿意的，倾向于...的
原文例句：Nor was Mrs. Hurst less disposed to consider his house as her home.

长难句解析

1. Nor was Mrs. Hurst, who had married a man of more fashion than fortune, less disposed to consider his house as her home when it suited her.

📌 这是一个否定词位于句首引起的倒装句。'Nor' 意为'也不'，置于句首时主谓需要倒装（was Mrs. Hurst）。中间插入了一个由 'who' 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰 Mrs. Hurst。整体结构是双重否定（Nor... less disposed），表达肯定的意思：赫斯特太太也同样愿意把他的家当成自己的家。

🔍 结构：否定词(Nor) + 系动词(was) + 主语(Mrs. Hurst) + [定语从句] + 表语(less disposed to...)

2. Bingley was endeared to Darcy by the easiness, openness, and ductility of his temper, though no disposition could offer a greater contrast to his own.

📌 这句话包含一个被动语态的主句和一个让步状语从句。'Endeared to' 表示'使...受...喜爱'。'Though' 引导的从句通过 'no... greater contrast' 的比较级否定形式表达最高级含义，强调两人性格反差极大。

🔍 结构：主语(Bingley) + 谓语(was endeared) + 介词短语(by attributes...) + 让步状语从句(though...)

今日测验

Q1. According to the text, how did Mr. Bingley decide to take Netherfield House?

A. He carefully inspected it for several days.
B. He was forced by his sisters.
C. He made a quick decision after a brief visit.
D. He bought it because Darcy liked it.

Q2. Which of the following best describes the contrast between Bingley and Darcy?

A. Bingley is smarter, but Darcy is friendlier.
B. Bingley is well-liked and easy-going, while Darcy is clever but offensive.
C. Darcy is poor but proud, while Bingley is rich and humble.
D. They have very similar characters despite different appearances.